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Dr. Erinn Muller

Associate Vice President for Research, Program Manager for Coral Health & Disease, and Senior Scientist

Coral Health & Disease Research Program

Today's Research for Tomorrow's Oceans
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Contact:

emuller@mote.org

941-388-4441, ext310

Biography:

Dr. Muller’s research focuses on identifying corals that are resilient to major threats such as climate change and coral disease to help inform Mote’s coral restoration activities. Additionally, her foundational research characterizes the spatial and temporal dynamics of coral disease outbreaks, while simultaneously studying the microbiome of healthy and sick corals to identify potentially pathogenic agents as well as beneficial microbes. For the last several years, much of her research has been associated with stony coral tissue loss disease, the most devastating coral epizootic to have ever been documented. Dr. Muller’s research is funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Park Service, NOAA, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, and through philanthropy. She received the prestigious Young Scientist of the Year Award from the International Coral Reef Society in 2015; only one recipient is recognized worldwide each year. In 2019, Dr. Muller received the Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE). This award is the highest honor bestowed by the U.S. government to outstanding scientists and engineers who are beginning their independent research careers and show exceptional promise for leadership in science and technology.

Education:

2011 Ph.D. Biology, Florida Institute of Technology, Graduate Advisor: Dr. Robert van Woesik, Ph.D. 
2007 M.S. Marine Biology, Florida Institute of Technology, Graduate Advisor: Robert van Woesik, Ph.D.
2003 B.S. Marine Biology, Florida Institute of Technology

Mote Eminent Scholar (2020 – present)
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council Research Representative (2020 – present)
Presidential Early Career Award for Science and Engineering (2019)
Coral Save Animals from Extinctions (SAFE) AZA advisory member (2018 – present)
FL DEP Disease Advisory Council Restoration Trials Team co-Lead (2018 – present)
Member of the Acropora Recovery Implementation Team organized by NOAA (2017-present)
Science Advisor, Scubanauts International, Sarasota Chapter (2017-2021)
International Coral Reef Society, Treasurer (2017-2020)
International Coral Reef Society, Young Scientist of the Year Award (2015)
International Coral Reef Society, Council Member (2013 – 2017)
Mote Marine Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship (2012 – 2014)
Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship, NOAA (2008-2012)
Recipient of AAAS/Science Program for Excellence (2006)
LOCAP 10th ICRS Travel Fellowship (2004)

Current Publications

Ross Cunning, Shayle Matsuda, Erich Bartels, Martine D'Alessandro, Raine Detmer, Pierrick Harnay, Jessica Levy, Diego Lirman, Holly Moeller, Erinn Muller, Ken Nedimyer, Ferdinand Pfab, Hollie Putnam (2024). On the use of rapid acute heat tolerance assays to resolve ecologically relevant differences among corals. Coral Reefs, 43(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02577-7
Mark Ladd, Andrew Shantz, Cailin Harrell, Nicole Hayes, David Gilliam, Keri O'Neil, Brian Reckenbeil, Zachary Craig, Diego Lirman (2024). Acclimation and size influence predation, growth, and survival of sexually produced Diploria labyrinthiformis used in restoration. Scientific Reports, 14, 26362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73727-8
Benjamin Young, Olivia Williamson, Nicholas Kron, Natalia Andrade Rodriguez, Lys Isma, Nicholas MacKnight, Erinn Muller, Stephanie Rosales, Stephanie Sirotzke, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Sara Williams, Michael Studivan (2024). Annotated genome and transcriptome of the endangered Caribbean mountainous star coral (Orbicella faveolata) using PacBio long-read sequencing. BMC Genomics, 25(226), 226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-10092-w
Jenna Dilworth, Wyatt Million, Maria Ruggeri, Emily Hall, Ashley Dungan, Erinn Muller, Carly Kenkel (2024). Synergistic response to climate stressors in coral is associated with genotypic variation in baseline expression. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 291(2019). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2447
C. N. Klepac, C. G. Petrik, E. Karabelas, J. Owens, E. R. Hall & E. M. Muller (2024). Assessing acute thermal assays as a rapid screening tool for coral restoration. Scientific Reports, 14, 1898. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51944-5
Kenneth Hoadley, Sean Lowry, Audrey McQuagge, Shannon Dalessandi, Grant Lockridge, Sibelle O'Donnell, Holland Elder, Maria Ruggeri, Eleftherios Karabelas, Courtney Klepac, Carly Kenkel, Erinn Muller (2024). Bio-optical signatures of in situ photosymbionts predict bleaching severity prior to thermal stress in the Caribbean coral species Acropora palmata. Coral Reefs, 43, 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-023-02458-5
Courtney N. Klepac, Katherine R. Eaton, Chelsea G. Petrik, Lindsay N. Arick, Emily R. Hall and Erinn M. Muller (2023). Symbiont composition and coral genotype determines massive coral species performance under end-of-century climate scenarios. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 164. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1026426
Gantt, S.E., Keister, E.F., Manfroy, A.A., Merck, D.E., Fitt, W.K., Muller, E.M. and Kemp, D.W. (2023). Wild and nursery-raised corals: comparative physiology of two framework coral species.. Coral Reefs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-022-02333-9
Kiel, P., Formel, N., Jankulak, M., Baker, A., Cunning, R., Gilliam, D., Kenkel, C., Langdon, C., Lirman, D., Lustic, C., Maxwell, K., Moudling, A., Moura, A., Muller, E., Schopmeyer, S., Winters, S., Enochs, I. (2023). Acropora cervicornis Data Coordination Hub, an open access database for evaluating genet performance. Bulletin of marine science of the gulf and carribbean, 99(2), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0064
Cynthia Becker, Laura Weber, Brian Zgliczynski, Chris Sullivan, Stuart Sandin, Abigail Clark, Melissa Soule, Krista Longnecker, Elizabeth Kujawinski, Amy Apprill (2023). Microorganisms and dissolved metabolites distinguish Floridas Coral Reef habitats. PNAS Nexus, 2(9), 287. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad287
Mydlarz, L. D., Muller, E. M. (2023). Genome-wide study in staghorn coral identifies markers of disease resistance. Science, 381(6665), 1414-1415. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk2492
J. Grace Klinges1,2*, Shalvi H. Patel1 , William C. Duke1 , Erinn M. Muller2,3 & Rebecca L.VegaThurber1 (2023). Microbiomes of a disease – resistant genotype of Acropora cervicornis are resistant to acute, but not chronic, nutrient enrichment. Scientific Reports, 13, 3617. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30615-x
Stephanie M. Rosales, Lindsay K. Huebner, James S. Evans, Amy Apprill, Andrew C. Baker, Cynthia C. Becker, Anthony J. Bellantuono, Marilyn E. Brandt, Abigail S. Clark, Javier del Campo, Caroline E. Dennison , Katherine R. Eaton, Naomi E. Huntley, Christina A. Kellogg, Mónica Medina, Julie L. Meyer, Erinn M. Muller, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Jennifer L. Salerno, William B. Schill, Erin N. Shilling, Julia Marie Stewart and Joshua D. Voss (2023). A meta-analysis of the stony coral tissue loss disease microbiome finds key bacteria in unaffected and lesion tissue in diseased colonies. ISME Journal, 3, 19. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-023-00220-0
Dr. Kenneth Hoadley, Grant Lockridge, Audrey McQuagge, K. Blue Pahl, Sean Lowry, Sophie Wong, Zachary Craig, Chelsea Petrik, Courtney Klepac, Erinn Muller (2023). A phenomic modeling approach for using chlorophyll-a fluorescence-based measurements on coral photosymbionts. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 379. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1092202
Hanna R. Koch; Yuen Azu; Erich Bartels; Erinn M. Muller; (2022). No apparent cost of disease resistance on reproductive output in Acropora cervicornis genets used for active coral reef restoration in Florida. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 958500. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.958500
Elder, H., Million, W.C., Bartels, E., Krediet, C.J., Muller, E.M. and Kenkel, C.D. (2022). Long-term maintenance of a heterologous symbiont association in Acropora palmata on natural reefs. ISME Journal, 16(2), 400-411. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-022-01349-x
MacKnight NJ, Arick L, Crawford AC, Henry M, Pierce R, Muller EM (2022). An Acute Permethrin Exposure Causes Significant Microbial Shifts in Montastraea cavernosa. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 748308. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.748308
Williams SD, Klinges JG, Zinman S, Clark AS, Bartels E, Villoch Diaz Maurino M, Muller EM (2022). Geographically driven differences in microbiomes of Acropora cervicornis originating from different regions of Florida’s Coral Reef. PeerJ, 10.0, e13574. http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13574
Veglia AJ, Beavers K, Van Buren EW, Meiling SS, Muller EM, Smith TB, Holstein DM, Apprill AM, Brandt ME, Mydlarz LD, Correa AMS (2022). Alphaflexivirus Genomes in Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease-Affected, Disease-Exposed, and Disease-Unexposed Coral Colonies in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 11.0(2.0). https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01199-21
Robert van Woesik, Tom Shlesinger, Andréa G. Grottoli, Rob J. Toonen, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Mark E. Warner, Ann Marie Hulver, Leila Chapron, Rowan H. McLachlan, Rebecca Albright, Eric Crandall, Thomas M. DeCarlo, Mary K. Donovan, Jose Eirin-Lopez, Hugo B. Harrison, Scott F. Heron, Danwei Huang, Adriana Humanes, Thomas Krueger, Joshua S. Madin, Derek Manzello, Lisa C. McManus, Mikhail Matz, Erinn M. Muller, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Maria Vega-Rodriguez, Christian R. Voolstra, Jesse Zaneveld (2022). Coral-bleaching responses to climate change across biological scales. Global Change Biology, 28.0, 4229– 4250. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16192
Merck DE, Petrik CG, Manfroy AA, Muller EM (2022). Optimizing seawater temperature conditions to increase the productivity of ex situ coral nurseries. PeerJ, 10.0, e13017. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13017
Klinges JG, Patel SH, Duke WC, Muller EM, Vega Thurber RL (2022). Phosphate enrichment induces increased dominance of the parasite Aquarickettsia in the coral Acropora cervicornis. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 98.0(2.0), fiac013. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiac013
Huntley, N., Brandt, M.E., Becker, C.C. et al. (2022). Experimental transmission of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease results in differential microbial responses within coral mucus and tissue. ISME Communications, 2.0(1.0), 46. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-022-00126-3
Shaver, E. C., McLeod, E., Hein, M. Y., Palumbi, S. R., Quigley, K., Vardi, T., Mumby, P. J., Smith, D., Montoya-Maya, P., Muller, E. M., Banaszak, A. T., McLeod, I. M., & Wachenfeld, D. (2022). A roadmap to integrating resilience into the practice of coral reef restoration. Global Change Biology, 28.0, 4751– 4764. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16212
Baker, L.J., Reich, H.G., Kitchen, S.A. et al. (2022). The coral symbiont Candidatus Aquarickettsia is variably abundant in threatened Caribbean acroporids and transmitted horizontally. ISME Journal, 16.0(2.0), 400-411. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01077-8
Dobbelaere T, Holstein DM, Muller EM, Gramer LJ, McEachron L, Williams SD and Hanert E (2022). Connecting the Dots: Transmission of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease From the Marquesas to the Dry Tortugas. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9.0, 778938. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.778938
Rosales SM, Huebner LK, Clark AS, McMinds R, Ruzicka RR, Muller EM (2022). Bacterial Metabolic Potential and Micro-Eukaryotes Enriched in Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Lesions. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8.0, 776859. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.776859
Gravinese, P. M., Douwes, A., Eaton, K. R., et al. (2021). Ephemeral hypoxia reduces oxygen consumption in the Caribbean coral Orbicella faveolata. Coral Reefs, 41, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02197-5
Koch, H. R., Muller, E., Crosby, M. P. (2021). Restored Corals Space Hope for Reefs Worldwide. The Scientist, 35(2.0). https://www.the-scientist.com/restored-corals-spawn-hope-for-reefs-worldwide-68368
Eaton, K. R., Landsberg, J. H., Kiryu, Y., Peters, EC, Muller, EM (2021). Measuring Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Induction and Lesion Progression Within Two Intermediately Susceptible Species. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 717265. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.717265
MacKnight, N.J., Cobleigh, K., Lasseigne, D. et al. (2021). Microbial dysbiosis reflects disease resistance in diverse coral species. Communications Biology, 4, 679. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02163-5
Sonora S. Meiling, Erinn M. Muller, Danielle Lasseigne, Ashley Rossin, Alex J. Veglia, Nicholas MacKnight, Bradford Dimos, Naomi Huntley, Adrienne M. S. Correa, Tyler Burton Smith, Daniel M. Holstein, Laura D. Mydlarz, Amy Apprill and Marilyn E. Brandt (2021). Variable Species Responses to Experimental Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) Exposure. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 670829. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.670829
Muller Erinn M., Dungan Ashley M., Million Wyatt C., Eaton Katherine R., Petrik Chelsea, Bartels Erich, Hall Emily R. and Kenkel Carly D. (2021). Heritable variation and lack of tradeoffs suggest adaptive capacity in Acropora cervicornis despite negative synergism under climate change scenarios. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 288(1960.0), 2021-0923. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0923
Traylor-Knowles N, Connelly MT, Young BD, Eaton K, Muller EM, Paul VJ, Ushijima B, DeMerlis A, Drown MK, Goncalves A, Kron N, Snyder GA, Martin C and Rodriguez K (2021). Gene Expression Response to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Transmission in M. cavernosa and O. faveolata from Florida. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 681563. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.681563
Christian R. Voolstra , David J. Suggett, Raquel S. Peixoto, John E. Parkinson, Kate M. Quigley, Cynthia B. Silveira, Michael Sweet, Erinn M. Muller, Daniel J. Barshis, David G. Bourne, and Manuel Aranda (2021). Extending the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2, 747–762. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00214-3
Williams SD, Walter CS and Muller EM (2021). Fine Scale Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of the Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Outbreak Within the Lower Florida Keys. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 631776. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.631776
Banister, R. B., Schwarz, M. T., Fine, M., et al. (2021). Instability and Stasis Among the Microbiome of Seagrass Leaves, Roots and Rhizomes. Microbial Ecology, 84, 703-716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01867-9
Clark, A. S., Williams, S. D., Maxwell, K., Rosales, S. M., Huebner, L. K., Landsberg, J. H., Hunt, J. H., Muller, E. M. (2021). Characterization of the Microbiome of Corals with Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease along Florida’s Coral Reef. Microorganisms, 9(11.0), 2181. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112181
Klinges, G.A.-O.X., Maher, R.A.-O., Vega Thurber, R.L., Muller, E.M. (2020). Parasitic ‘Candidatus Aquarickettsia rohweri’ is a marker of disease susceptibility in Acropora cervicornis but is lost during thermal stress. Environmental Microbiology, 22.0(12.0), 5341-5355. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15245
Muller, E.M., Sartor, C., Alcaraz, N.I., van Woesik, R. (2020). Spatial Epidemiology of the Stony-Coral-Tissue-Loss Disease in Florida. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7.0, 163. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00163
Rosales, S.M., Clark, A.S., Huebner, L.K., Ruzicka, R.R., Muller, E.M. (2020). Rhodobacterales and Rhizobiales Are Associated With Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease and Its Suspected Sources of Transmission. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11.0, 681. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00681
Morrow, K.M., Muller, E., Lesser, M.P. (2018). How does the coral microbiome cause, respond to, or modulate the bleaching process? Chapter 7. Coral Bleaching: Patterns, Processes, Causes and Consequences, Second Edition, 7.0, 153-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75393-5_7
Page, C.A., Muller, E.M., Vaughan, D.E. (2018). Microfragmenting for the successful restoration of slow growing massive corals. Ecological Engineering, 123.0, 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.08.017
Hall, E.R., Muller, E.M., Goulet, T., Bellworthy, J., Ritchie, K.B., Fine, M. (2018). Eutrophication may compromise the resilience of the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata to global change. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 131.0(A), 701-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.067
Randall, C.J., Whitcher, E.M., Code, T., Pollock, C., Lundgren, I., Hillis-Starr, Z., Muller, E.M. (2018). Testing methods to mitigate Caribbean yellow-band disease on Orbicella faveolata. PeerJ, 6.0, e4800. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4800
Muller, E.M., Bartels, E., Baums, I.B. (2018). Bleaching causes loss of disease resistance within the threatened coral species Acropora cervicornis. eLife, 7, e35066. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066

Additional Publications

Eaton KR, Landsberg JH, Kiryu Y, Peters EC, Muller EM. Measuring stony coral tissue loss disease induction and lesion progression within two intermediately susceptible species, *Montastraea cavernosa* and *Orbicella faveolata*. Front. Mar. Sci. (accepted).

Baker, L.J., Reich, H.G., Kitchen, S.A. Klinges JG, Koch HR, Baums IB, Muller EM, Vega Thurber R. The coral symbiont Candidatus *Aquarickettsia* is variably abundant in threatened Caribbean acroporids and transmitted horizontally. ISME J (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01077-8

Traylor-Knowles N, Connelly MT, Young BD, Eaton K, Muller EM, Paul VJ, Ushijima B, DeMerlis A, Drown MK, Goncalves A, Kron N, Snyder GA, Martin C and Rodriguez K (2021) Gene Expression Response to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Transmission in *M. cavernosa* and *O. faveolata* from Florida. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:681563. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.681563

MacKnight N, Cobleigh K, Lasseigner D, Chaves-Fonnegra A, Gutting A, Dimos B, Antoine J, Fuess L, Ricci C, Butler C, Muller EM, Mydlarz LD, Brandt M. Microbial dysbiosis reflects disease resistance in divers coral species. Commun Biol 4, 679 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02163-5

Williams SD, Walter CS and Muller EM (2021) Fine Scale Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of the Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Outbreak Within the Lower Florida Keys. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:631776. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.631776

Meiling SS, Muller EM, Lasseigne D, Rossin A, Veglia AJ, MacKnight N, Dimos B, Huntley N, Correa AMS, Smith TB, Holstein DM, Mydlarz LD, Apprill A, Brandt, ME. Variable Species Responses to Experimental Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) Exposure (2021). Front. Mar. Sci. 8:670829. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.670829

Meiling S, Muller EM, Smith TB and Brandt ME (2020) 3D Photogrammetry Reveals Dynamics of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) Lesion Progression Across a Thermal Stress Event. Front. Mar. Sci. 7:597643. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.597643

van Woesik R, Banister RB, Bartels E, Gillium DS, Goergen EA, Lustic C, Maxwell K, Moura A, Muller EM, Schopmeyer S, Winters RS, Lirman D (2020) Differential survival of nursery-reared *Acropora cervicornis* outplants along the Florida reef tract. doi: 10.1111/rec.13302

Sharp W, Shea CP, Maxwell KE, Muller EM, Hunt JH. (2020) Evaluating the small-scale epidemiology of the stony coral tissue loss disease in the middle Florida Keys. PLoS ONE. 15(11): e0241871. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241871

Dobbelaere T, Muller EM, Gramer LJ, Holstein DM, Hanert E. (2020) Coupled epidemio-hydrodynamic modeling to understand the spread of a deadly coral disease in Florida. Front. Mar. Sci. 7:591881. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.591881

Klinges JG, Maher RL, Vega Thurber RL, Muller EM (2020) Parasitic “Candidatus Aquarickettsia rohweri” is a marker of disease susceptibility in *Acropora cervicornis* but is lost during thermal stress. Environmental Microbiology. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.15245
Rosales SM, Clark AS, Huebner LK., Ruzicka RR., Muller EM (2020). *Rhodobacterales* and *Rhizobiales* are associated with Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease and its suspected sources of transmission. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 681.

Muller EM, Sartor C, Alcaraz N, van Woesik R (2020) Spatial epidemiology of stony-coral-tissue-loss disease in Florida. Front. Mar. Sci. 7:163. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00163

Muller EM, Bartels E, Baums IB (2018) Bleaching causes loss of disease resistance within the threatened coral species *Acropora cervicornis*. eLife 7:e35066

Page CA, Muller EM, Vaughan DE (2018) Microfragmenting for the successful restoration of slow growing massive corals. Ecological Engineering 123: 86 – 94

Hall ER, Muller EM, Goulet T, Bellworthy J, Ritchie KB, Fine M (2018) Eutrophication may compromise the resilience of the Red Sea coral *Stylophora pistillata* to global change. Marine Pollution Bulletin 131: 701 – 711

Randall, CJ, Muller EM, Whitcher EM, Code T, Pollock C, Lundgren I, Hillis-Starr Z (2018) Testing methods to mitigate Caribbean yellow-band disease on *Orbicella faveolata*. PeerJ6: e4800; DOI 10.7717/peerj.4800

Morrow KM, Muller EM, Lesser MP (2018). How does the coral microbiome cause, respond to or modulate the bleaching process? In: van Oppen M, Lough J (eds) Coral Bleaching: Pattern, Processes, Causes and Consequences. 2nd Edition. Springer

Muller EM, Leporacci NM, Macartney KJ, Shea AG, Crane RE, Hall ER, Ritchie KB (2017). Low pH reduces the virulence of black band disease on *Orbicella faveolata*. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0178869

Muller EM, Fine M, Ritchie K (2016). The resilient microbiome of inter and sub-tidal anemone species under increasing pCO2. Sci. Rep. 6, 37387; doi: 10.1038/srep37387

Bright AJ, Brandt M, Muller EM, Smith T (2016) Disease prevalence and snail predation associated with swell-generated damage on the threatened coral, *Acropora palmata* (Lamarck). Frontiers in Marine Science. 3: 77

Randall CJ, Jordan-Garza AG, Muller EM, van Woesik R (2016) Does dark-spot syndrome experimentally transmit among Caribbean corals? PLoS ONE 11(1): e0147493. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147493

Muller EM, van Woesik R (2014) Genetic susceptibility, colony size, and water temperature drive white-pox disease on the coral *Acropora palmata*. PLoS ONE 9(11): e110759. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110759

Randall CJ, Jordan-Garza AG, Muller EM, van Woesik R (2014) Relationships between the history of thermal stress and the relative risk of diseases of Caribbean corals. Ecology 95: 1981-1994

Muller EM, Rogers CS, van Woesik R. (2014) Early signs of recovery of *Acropora palmata* in St. John, US Virgin Islands. Marine Biology 161:359-365

Roth L, Muller EM, van Woesik R (2013) Tracking *Acropora* fragmentation and population structure through thermal-stress events. Ecological Modelling 263:223-232.

Muller EM, Harvell CD, Willis BL, Haapkylä J, Raymundo LJ, Syafyudin Y, Wilson JR (2012). Coral health and disease in the Spermonde Archipelago and Wakatobi, Sulawesi. Journal of Indonesian Coral Reefs 1:147-159

Muller EM, van Woesik R. (2012) Caribbean coral diseases: primary transmission or secondary infection? Global Change Biology 18:3529-3535

Rogers CS, Muller EM (2012) Bleaching, disease and recovery in the threatened scleractinian coral *Acropora palmata* in St. John, US Virgin Islands: 2003-2010. Coral Reefs 31:807-819

Jordan-Garza AG, Muller EM, Burman SG, van Woesik R. (2010). Susceptibility of coral-disease models. PNAS (2011) 108:E110-E11

Muller EM, van Woesik R. (2010). Black-band disease dynamics: prevalence, incidence, and acclimatization of light. JEMBE 397:52-57

Eakin M, Morgan JA,…Muller EM et al. (2010). Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. PLoS One 5(11): e13969. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013969

Reed K, Muller EM, van Woesik R. (2010). Coral immunology and resistance to disease. Dis Aquat Org 90:85-92

Rogers CS, Muller EM, Spitzack T, Miller J. (2009). Extensive coral mortality in the US Virgin Islands in 2005/2006: A review of the evidence for synergy among thermal stress, coral bleaching and disease. Car J of Sci. 45:204-214

Muller EM, van Woesik R. (2009). Shading reduces coral-disease progression. Coral Reefs. 28:757-760

Miller J, Muller EM, Rogers CS, et al. (2009). Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands (USVI). Coral Reefs 28:925-937

Muller EM, Rogers CS, Spitzack A, van Woesik R. (2008). Bleaching increases the likelihood of disease on *Acropora palmata* (Lamarck) at Hawksnest Bay, St. John, US Virgin Islands; Coral Reefs 27:191-195

Rogers CS, Miller J, Muller EM, et al. (2008). Ecology of Coral Reefs in the US Virgin Islands. Chapter 8. In: Riegl B, Dodge RE (eds). Coral Reefs of the USA. Springer. pgs 303-374.

Miller J, Waara R, Muller E, Rogers C. (2006). Coral bleaching and disease combine to cause extensive mortality on reefs in US Virgin Islands. Coral Reefs 25: